Anthraquinone

Anthraquinone

Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₈O₂
CAS Number: 84-65-1
Molecular Weight: 208.22 g/mol
Synonyms: 9,10-Anthraquinone, Anthracenedione, Diphenylene-diketone

Description

Anthraquinone is an aromatic organic compound characterized by its yellow crystalline appearance. It consists of an anthracene backbone with two ketone groups positioned at the 9 and 10 positions. Anthraquinone is a vital precursor in the production of dyes, particularly vat dyes, and has applications in the paper and pulp industry as well. It also plays a role in the manufacturing of hydrogen peroxide. This compound is known for its stability and reactivity, making it valuable in various chemical processes.

Applications

• Dye Manufacturing: Anthraquinone is primarily used in the production of anthraquinone dyes, particularly vat dyes and disperse dyes, which are known for their vibrant colors and durability.
• Paper and Pulp Industry: It is used as a catalyst in the pulping process (known as the anthraquinone process) to increase the yield and quality of the pulp while reducing the consumption of energy and chemicals.
• Chemical Synthesis: Anthraquinone serves as a building block for the synthesis of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and organic semiconductors.
• Hydrogen Peroxide Production: It is used as a working material in the industrial production of hydrogen peroxide via the anthraquinone process.
• Photovoltaics and Electronics: Due to its stable aromatic structure, anthraquinone is explored for use in organic electronics and photovoltaic applications.

Handling and Safety

• Personal Protection: Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing when handling anthraquinone. Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact.
• Fire and Explosion Hazard: Anthraquinone is combustible. Keep it away from open flames, sparks, and high heat. Use non-sparking tools and explosion-proof equipment.
• Spill Response: In case of a spill, avoid raising dust. Sweep up the material carefully and place it in a suitable disposal container. Ensure proper ventilation during clean-up.
• Incompatibility: Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases as it may cause hazardous reactions.

Storage

• Storage Conditions: Store anthraquinone in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from sources of ignition and incompatible materials. Keep the container tightly closed when not in use.
• Container Materials: Store in a tightly sealed container made of compatible materials such as glass or specific plastics.
• Shelf Life: Regularly inspect the storage container for signs of degradation or leakage. Keep the material away from direct sunlight to prevent any possible degradation.