P- NITROPHENOL

p-Nitrophenol (Para-Nitrophenol) is an aromatic compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a nitro group (-NO₂) in the para position of the benzene ring. It is a pale yellow crystalline solid commonly used in chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and dye production. Known for its reactivity and versatile applications, p-Nitrophenol is an essential chemical in multiple industries.

Applications

1. Chemical Synthesis

p-Nitrophenol is a key precursor for synthesizing various organic compounds, including pesticides, herbicides, and pharmaceutical intermediates.

2. Pharmaceutical Industry

It is used in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates, especially in drugs requiring phenolic and nitro-functional groups.

3. Dye and Pigment Manufacturing

The compound is an intermediate in the production of azo dyes and pigments, contributing to vibrant, durable colors for textiles, inks, and plastics.

4. Analytical Chemistry

p-Nitrophenol is used as a pH indicator in laboratory settings, as its color changes with pH variations.

5. Research and Development

This compound is employed in research for studying reaction mechanisms, enzymatic activity, and environmental analyses.

Safety and Handling

Precautions

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
  • Wear gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat to prevent skin and eye exposure.
  • Use a respirator in areas with potential inhalation risks.
• Storage:
  • Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
  • Keep away from heat sources, strong reducing agents, and bases.

First Aid Measures

• Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately. Seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms occur.
• Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water. Remove any contaminated clothing.
• Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with water for at least 15 minutes and consult a doctor if irritation persists.
• Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth and seek immediate medical assistance.

Environmental Precautions

Prevent accidental release into waterways, drains, or soil. Contain and clean up spills promptly using appropriate absorbent materials.

Disposal

Dispose of p-Nitrophenol in accordance with local hazardous waste regulations. Use certified disposal facilities to ensure environmental safety.